Park burns Limantour

The fire started as a thin dribble of flame.

Within moments the entire grassy hillside above Limantour Road in the Point Reyes National Seashore was engulfed; grass blackened and coyote brush burned with a crackle that sounded almost like falling rain. Eerie brown shadows raced across the ground as columns of smoke scudded in front of the sun.

“Someday this could save Bolinas if we get another big fire,” said park Superintendent Don Neubacher yesterday, as he watched the flames gradually spread.

Wednesday’s prescribed 25-acre burn is part of a network of fuel breaks designed to stop another disaster like the Vision Fire of 1995. Keeping the vegetation low through burning and mowing should help slow or stop a future wildfire.

The park plans to burn the Limantour sites every five to ten years, said Jennifer Chapman, a fire communications specialist with the Point Reyes National Seashore (PRNS). This will keep the coastal scrub in an immature stage with smaller, widely spaced coyote brush where fire will move more slowly than in areas with large, dense coyote brush.

“We want to punch little units of different age classes along the road,” said Roger Wong with PRNS, who was in charge of the fire crews.

Having patches of younger, recently burned vegetation is also healthy for coastal California landscapes. Many of the historic fires, thought to have been started by coast Miwok, benefited plants and animals that are adapted to coexist with fire.

Bishop pine, for example, can only release seed after its cones are opened by a fire. Coyote brush can survive a hot burn, resprouting from the roots even if its leaves and stems are killed.

Without regular fire, forests get clogged with tinder and grasslands disappear under dense shrubs. Fires benefit tule elk, rabbits and myriad bird species, which rely on open grassy areas to survive. Endangered Myrtle’s silverspot butterfly only lays its eggs on the leaves of grassland violets.

“A lot of people think that one of the top five threats to the native ecosystem is a lack of fire,” Neubacher said.

It’s also possible that fire suppression has contributed to the spread of Sudden Oak Death, PRNS senior science advisor Sarah Allen said on Wednesday.

PRNS first used prescribed fire as a resource management tool during a small burn in 1978, Chapman said. By the 1990s a prescribed burn program was well established. Fire management is the first goal of the program, and improving ecosystem health through reducing non-native plants and improving biodiversity is the second.

Control of the invasive French broom is one goal for a second 115-acre burn scheduled to take place this Friday along Highway One. That site, which will mainly serve as a fuel break, is scheduled to be burned more frequently in order to control the broom.

Almost 60 firefighters from nine different crews came out to participate in this week’s burns. Participants included the Inverness Fire Department, Marin County Fire Department, the Mount Tam fire crew, the Golden Gate National Park fire crew, and a Yosemite National Park crew.

“We have more engines here than we need, but it’s sort of a training opportunity,” Chapman said. “We get to bring all the agencies together and work on a project.”

Tramping through the creek to count salmon

The salmon have returned to spawn in the Lagunitas Creek watershed, and a small steadfast group of volunteers is putting on their waders to count fish.

The National Park Service runs a countywide salmon surveying program that is based at the Point Reyes National Seashore (PRNS), which depends on both employees and volunteers to keep track of the salmon’s status.

“I clear out my winter schedule so there’s nothing conflicting when I get the call to come count spawners,” said Peter Van der Naillen, a retired lawyer who has attended nearly every fish count in the park for the last seven years. “Salmon don’t have a calendar. We can’t say, ‘Gee, I’d rather not go on Wednesday.’ If that’s the day when conditions are right, that’s the day we go out.”

Throughout spawning season, park staff and volunteers slip, slide, and sometimes slog through waste-deep water in order to monitor the salmon. Many volunteers return year after year, Reichmuth said, including Van der Naillen and 11-year-old NoahLani Litwinsella of Berkeley, who has been doing salmon surveys with his mother Julie since he was six.

The Lagunitas watershed is the southernmost stable population of endangered coho in the state: up to 1,300 of the fish return each year. Of those spawners, between 80 and 180 return to Olema Creek. Steelhead, and occasionally Chinook, also inhabit the watershed.

Last Friday, park volunteers got the first call to duty of the season.

“After receiving over an inch of rain in West Marin, we should now have coho in lower Olema and Pine Gulch Creek,” National Park Service fisheries biologist Michael Reichmuth wrote in an email. He asked people to sign up for surveys on Monday and Tuesday.

On Tuesday morning, five volunteers and four staff members met at the Point Reyes Seashore headquarters to survey lower Olema Creek. The group was divided into teams of two or three, given chest waders and measuring rods, and shuttled to four different access points.

I joined Reichmuth and PRNS Association fisheries technician Sarah Carlisle on the team assigned to the lowest “reach,” or stretch of the stream.

Tires crunched down the gravel road leading to the Olema Marsh, echoing away into silence. We were alone, over a mile from the nearest house.

“Once you’re in, you’re in,” Reichmuth said. “You just have to hope someone left a car at the other end, like they were supposed to.”

We spent the next three hours making our way up nearly two miles of the channel, beginning a few hundred yards above Olema Creek’s confluence with Lagunitas Creek. Alder trunks crisscrossed the stream like low bridges, and debris dams of slippery logs, old fence posts, and leaves lurked invisibly beneath the surface.

Our task was to identify redds, or nest sites built by the females, as well as to spot as many coho as we could find – all while remaining upright.

Redds are hard to spot without experience. The subtle depressions in the gravel are made where the large fish use their tail to flip stones and sand downstream. For me, steep edges running parallel to the bank were the best suggestion of a redd. Sometimes the freshly exposed rocks were paler, and easier to see.

With their experience, Reichmuth and Carlisle identified redds quickly. “You kind of get your fishy sense,” Reichmuth said. “After a while, you figure out where they like to be.”

We used our measuring rods to poke among the roots and leaves beneath overhanging banks trying to spook out fish that might be hiding there. The measuring rods were also useful for balance, as chilly water clamped the rubber-lined waders against our legs.

The creek widened as we proceeded upstream, changing from a tangled corridor of narrow alders to older, broader trunks growing like cathedral columns from more gradual banks. Glimpses of oak-studded hillsides and, occasionally, traffic on Highway One were visible beyond the creek corridor. It was a very different view of the world - which is, in part, what attracts volunteers to return time and again.

“It’s just a real special place to be,” said Van der Naillen.